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1868-1946
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| 1868 |
Born in Dunilovichi in the Vilenskaia Province. Daughter of a rabbi. |
| 1883 |
Joins a Narodnik circle in Poltava. |
| 1884-1885 |
Works in revolutionary organizations in Kharkov and Melitopol. |
| 1885 |
Passes an exam in Petersburg to become a teacher; travels to Vilno, where she joins a Social-Democratic organization. |
| 1887 |
Emigrates to France, then to Switzerland. |
| 1889 |
Enrolls in the Commercial Institute in the city of Wintertur, in the canton of Zurich. Does not finish her studies there due to poverty. |
| 1892 |
Becomes supporter of Plekhanov and joins the Emancipation of Labor Group. |
| 1894 |
Enrolls in the Philosophy Department at Bern University. |
| 1898 |
Joins the Russian Social-Democratic Labor Party. |
| 1900 |
Receives her doctorate in Philosophy at Bern University. |
| 1902-1903 |
Collaborates with "Iskra," (articles in №№ 46, 50, 52, 53, 72) and "Zaria," (№№ 3 and 4). |
| 1903 |
The "Iskra" group in Bern organizes 8 lectures by Plekhanov on art, 7 lectures by Lenin on the agrarian question, and 6 lectures by Akselrod on philosophy. |
| 1903 |
After II Congress of the RSDLP becomes a Menshevik. |
| 1906 |
After being amnestied, returns to Russia. |
| 1909 |
Lives in the Kaluga Province where she undergoes treatment for tuberculosis. |
| 1910 |
Lives in Petersburg and becomes member of illegal central bureau of trade unions and the interclub commission. |
| 1916 |
Along with P. Maslov and A. Potresov, edits the Social-Democratic journal, "Delo." In December 1916 Lenin criticizes their chauvinist and defencist stance. |
| 1917 |
Becomes member of Menshevik Central Committee and Central Committee of the group "Единство" [Unity]. |
| 1918 |
Leaves the Menshevik Party. |
| 1917-1920 |
Lectures in philosophy at the Tambov State University |
| 1920-1924 |
Lectures at the I Moscow State University |
| 1921-1923 |
Leads seminar in philosophy at the Institute of Red Professors. |
| 1921-1931 |
Lectures in philosophy at the State Academy of Fine Arts [ГАХН]. |
| 1926-1927 |
Clashes with Deborin in debate between "Mechanists" and "Dialecticians" |
| 1931, 25 January |
Criticized in the Central Committee resolution, "On the Journal «Under the Banner of Marxism»." |
| 1934 |
Last book published: "The Idealist Dialectic of Hegel and the Materialist Dialectic of Marx." |
| 1943 |
Visits the sanitorium at "Uzkoe," village outside Moscow. |
| 1946, 5 February |
Dies in Moscow. |
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